UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE

 1.  design a simple research about the kinetic energy associated with your daily life and arrange 
    your report in accord with the sixth science process skills you have already understood.

    Answer : 

   Every moving object has energy. The energy possessed by a moving object is called kinetic energy. So  that the kinetic energy or energy of motion (also called kinetic energy) is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. To be sure that every moving object has energy consider the following examples:

A catapult is drawn and then released so that the stone was in the sling glide with a certain speed. And moving the stones have energy. If directed at the neighbor's chickens chickens are most likely due to limp helplessly beaten stone. In this example the stone do the work in chickens. Or on wheeled vehicles moving at a certain speed on a highway has kinetic energy. When two vehicles collide on the move, then we can be sure the vehicle will be brought to the workshop for repair. Damage caused by the collision occurred because the two cars were initially engaged to do business / work against each other. Or when the builder hit the nail using a hammer, hammer-driven builders do work on the nail. Any moving object exerts a force on another object and move it as far as a certain distance. Moving objects have the ability to do work, therefore can be said to have energy. Energy on a moving object is called kinetic energy. The word comes from the Greek kinetic, kinetikos, which means "movement". when a moving object, the object must have speed. Thus, we can conclude that the kinetic energy is the energy possessed by the object movement or speed. The formula to find the kinetic energy is by using the following formula : 

EK = ½ mv ²

with, EK = kinetic energy

         m = mass

         v = velocity

2. describe an experiment which associated with the following terms : pendulum, frictional force and

     highest point. then enter the terms into the procedure so that these terms included in your     

     experiment.

     Answer :

     Experiments frictional force :

   friction between an object and the track surface can inhibit the rate of the object. Then what would     happen if the force of friction is created from water that was in a bottle that was rolled? To answer that question let's do the following experiment :

the presedure :

1. prepare tools and materials needed are : two bottles of the same size and aqua water.

2. Insert enough water to one bottle. And one more bottle left blank.

3. Hold the bottle at the same position. Then roll both simultaneously. Keep the same force exerted on 

     the second bottle. What happens to the motion of both the bottle?

Bottle of water moves slower than the empty bottle. This is because the water in the bottle come to move along with the movement of the bottle. Surface contact between the water and the bottle creates friction that inhibits the rate of bottle. So is the gravity of the water pressure so that makes friction between the outer surface of the bottle and the track surface becomes larger. As a result of these two frictional forces, the water bottle becomes slower.

         Experiment pendulum :


    Subsequent experiments were simulated to determine the acceleration of gravity using a pendulum swing or pendulum cool. Pendulum motion is harmonic motion around the equilibrium point at him as the head or swinging from side to side. Unlike the spring swing that moves along a vertical line or called a nodding motion.
      With the pendulum swing that relies on factors strap length and value of the acceleration of gravity, it is specifically for the earth can be used to determine in a simple gravity than methods that rely on water drops in free fall motion.

Step experimental pendulum swing (or Pendulum Pendulum Mathematically)

1. Determine the length of rope used.
2. Pull rope with an angle ranging from 1o
3. Remove the rope and let the pendulum swing 10 times and note the long swing
4. Swing time 10 times then determined by dividing the value of the period by the number of swings 
    that do (10 times) before.
5. Use the equation to determine the period of a pendulum swing gravitational acceleration values
    ​​expressed in this simulation.

3.  make a simple calculation about electrical using the formula your well known. write done  your 
     solution and explain it by using your sentence ( change the number or symbol).

     Answer :

      Currently electric energy has been a driving force in human life. Almost all home appliances, office to industrial electrical needs. Power is the amount of energy (effort) per one unit of time. Great power is formulated as follows :

  P= W / t         or 

P = V ² / R       or 

P = V I

        by,

        P= power (watts or J / s) 

        V = potential difference (V)

        W= energy (J) 

        R = resistance (Ω)

        t= time (s) 

        I = strong current (A)

        For example:

            In a written bulb 44 W / 220 V. if the bulb is connected to 110 V voltage source, determine :

            a . power of the lamp

            b. current flowing

                  answer :

                  known :

                  P1 = 44 W V

                  V1 = 220 V

                  V2 = 110 V then P2 = ......???

              R = V ² / P, because the prisoners remain,

              V1 ² / P1 = V2 ² / P2

              (220V) ² / 44W = (110V) ² / P2

              48400V ² / 44W = 12100V ² / P2

              1100V²  / W = 12100V ² / P2

               P2 = 12100V ² / 1100V ² / W

                      P2 = 11 W

                  

                As for the current flowing is :

               P = V I

              11 W = 110 V. I

               I = 11 W/110V

               I = 0.1 A

       4 . make an essay about sound as a wave . then show at least three evidences and exemplifying 

            about it.
            Answer :
                     
               Sound is closely linked to a sense of "hear". Voice / sound is usually spread through the air. Voice / sound can not propagate through a vacuum. The sound produced by the vibration of an object. During shaking, the pressure difference occurs in the surrounding air. The pattern of oscillations that occur is called the "WAVE". So what is a wave??

            Did you ever go to the beach? Sure is fun, is not it? So the beauty of God's creation. On the beach you can see the waves. Waves are seen surging from the middle towards the coast and become more remote, and finally hit the coast. So, what exactly is the waves?

      When you attend a flag-raising ceremony at the school, you see the flag fluttering in the wind. Have you ever noticed how the motion of the flag? The incident ocean waves or waving the flag is an example of the wave. So, what exactly is it a wave?

              By the time you move the rope up and down, saying that you provide harassment on the ropes. If the harassment is done continuously, there will be vibration. After giving harassment or vibration, you will see something that propagate on the string. Something called a wave. Thus, the waves are propagating vibrations that propagate or harassment. You can communicate with other people mostly using sound waves or waves bunyi.Kamu can listen to the radio or watch television because of the radio waves.

           Based perambatnya medium, the waves can be divided into two parts, namely mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical wave is a wave in the propagation requires a medium, such as a rope waves, water waves, and sound waves. Electromagnetic waves are waves that can propagate without a medium, such as radio waves, light waves, and radar waves. Of the two types of waves, which would you learn is a mechanical wave. What are propagated by these waves?

          By the time you shook the rope, the rope waves travel toward your friend, but the rubber band tied around the strap does not come with the waves propagate. If so, the parts of the rope does not come with the waves propagate. So what is propagated by waves? If you ask your friends for a thrilling one end of the rope, you will find something to your friend climbed the wave effect. So, which is propagated by waves of energy. Based on the direction of propagation, wave mechanics can be divided into two types, namely transverse waves and longitudinal waves.

        The sound is a mechanical wave propagation in the direction parallel to the direction of vibration (longitudinal waves). Terms of hearing the sound there are 3 kinds :

              1. There is a sound source

              2. There is a medium (air)

              3. There listener

        Sound properties include :

             • vines require medium

             • It is a longitudinal wave

             • Can be reflected

      There are several kinds of sound characteristics, among others :

            1. The tone is the sound of a regular frequency.

            2. Wheezing is a sound whose frequency is irregular.

            3. Color is a sounds that sound the same but sound different frequency.

            4. Thud sound amplitude is very large and sudden sounds.

    

              The propagation of sound, because the sound is the sound wave has a propagation speed is influenced by two factors :

            1. Particle density of the medium through which the sound. The more tightly the particle 

                composition of the medium, the faster sound propagates, so that the sound propagates fastest 

                in solids.

           2.  Medium temperature, the more heat the temperature of the medium through which the sound 

                propagates faster. This relationship can be formulated into mathematical equations 

                (v = v0 + 0.6.T) 

             where v0 is the propagation of zero-degree temperature and t is the temperature of the medium.

          sound by frequency can be divided into three kinds :

            • infrasound is sound frequencies less than 20 Hz. Creatures that can hear infrasonic sound is 

              crickets.

            • Audiosonik is a sound frequency between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. or sound that can be heard by 

              humans.

            • Ultrasound is sound lebihdari frequency 20 kHz. creatures that can hear ultrasonic are dolphins.

The ability to absorb and release objects in heat

In the daily life - days, we often observe the events happening around us. And many of the events we experience physics directly or indirectly. For example, when we hold one end of a heated iron rod, we will join hands to feel the heat. Why would that be???
The event was called the heat transfer.

What is heat?
And how heat transfer occurs?



        At first people to understand the flow of heat as a substance that can not be seen is called plogiston. Then a scientist named Joule conducting experiments on heat. Principle experiment using joule is the energy expense stirring the water being dropped from a certain height. Load was hanged on a rope wrapped around the impeller axis. Impeller are in a vessel containing water called Calorimeter. Impeller is rotated and continued repeatedly. Apparently the water temperature rises. Rising water temperatures caused by the impeller rotation. Turnover was due impeller has kinetic energy. Thus it can be said that the trial was a change kinetic energy into heat, and heat is called heat. Thus, heat is a form of energy, ie heat energy. Heat naturally moves from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature objects until there is thermal equilibrium between the two.
Since heat is a form of energy, therefore the heat can be converted into other forms of energy. Changes in the amount of heat in an object characterized by an increase or decrease in temperature or even change the form of the object. If the object receives heat, the temperature will rise. Instead, the temperature will drop when release heat. Many received or released heat of an object is proportional to the increase or decrease in temperature.Systematically:

Q = mcΔT

Each object has the ability to absorb and release heat. Therefore, the heat capacity term known objects. Heat capacity is defined as the ability of objects to absorb or release heat by temperature changes by one unit of temperature. Systematically:

C = Q / ΔT

So now we know why we are currently holding one end of a heated iron hand we will also feel the heat. It happened because the iron heat release and heat is received by our hands so our hands to feel the heat. The event is called the heat transfer. And every body has the ability to absorb and release heat.

calculate the acceleration of an object

ball on an inclined plane

you ever put a ball on a slant board??
what happened to the ball???
course tersevbut ball will move down with greater velocity. objects in motion changes dikatan accelerated pace.
so the acceleration is a change of pace every one unit of time. acceleration can be either increase or decrease the speed. accelerated if the object is said to increase the speed and otherwise slowed when the speed is reduced. acceleration twofold:

a. average acceleration

           an object moving with velocity fluctuations then the object has acceleration fluctuations as well. change in velocity divided by the time interval is called the average acceleration. the average acceleration formulated :

  a    =  ∆v / ∆t

           

     b. instantaneous acceleration

         change of pace in a very small time intervals called instantaneous acceleration. instantaneous acceleration is the limit of a change of pace for the time interval approaches zero.

a       =     lim    ∆v / ∆t

∆t-0

instantaneous acceleration can also be formulated as a derivative of the velocity.

a   =   dv / dt

to better understand, consider the following sample questions :

    motorcycle moved following equation as a function of time v = 3t²- 5t+4, with v in m / s and t in seconds. specify:

a. average acceleration when t = 2 and at t = 3

b. instantaneous acceleration at t = 4

settlement :

a. known equation of velocity v =  3t²- 5t + 4

    to find the average acceleration, use the formula : 

         a    =  ∆v / ∆t         a    = v₂ - v₁ / t₂ - t₁

     the velocity at t = 3 is :

      

     v₂ = 3t²- 5t + 4
         = 3 (3)² - 5 (3) + 4
         = 16 m/s

    and velocity at t = 2 is :

     v₁  = 3t²- 5t + 4
          = 3 (2)² - 5 (2) + 4
          = 6 m/s

so the average acceleration is :

        a   =  v₂ - v₁ / t₂ - t₁
             = 16 m/s - 6 m/s / 3s - 2s
             =  10 m/s²

b. instantaneous acceleration can be determined by using a differential calculation, thus :

    a  = dv / dt
       = d ( 3t²- 5t + 4 ) / dt
       = 6t - 5
       = 6 (4) - 5
       = 19 m/s²

we can now calculate the acceleration of an object with a simple formula .. :)

Creating Simple Magnet

surely already know what that magnet????
Apart from that produced by the natural stone, magnets can also be our own tables. one of them by way of electricity in one direction. Want to know how? Watch carefully the following experiment yah ..

The tools you need are :


1. Cables containing copper wires (only if the cord is a duplicate)
2. Spikes (if you can nail a little long)
3. battery
4. Paper clips or other small metallic (tacks, needles, etc.)













How to make it:

1. Peel the skin of copper cable at each end-jung
2. Wrap the copper wire on a nail (try as close as possible)
3. Glue the ends of the copper wires on the battery, and wait a few moments
4. To test it try to hold the nail on the paper clip or other small metal
5. Try to observe what is going on?

         




How did it happen?

Nails can be like a magnet because there is a process called electromagnetic. In the vicinity of the electric current carrying wire contained magnetic field. In this experiment, the power source is a battery drain flows along copper wires wrapped around the nail. The more loops, the greater / stronger magnetic field. As a result of the existence of this magnetic field, the paper clip / other minor metals can be attached to the nail. 
 please try :)

Electricity in our day

In our day-to-day power word is not a stranger anymore. Many household appliances that use electricity, such as irons, radios, televisions, refrigerators, fans, electric sewing machine, magic jar, and a washing machine. This indicates that the electrical energy in our lives have become a staple. It is therefore important for us to learn about electricity. In physics, power is divided into two types, namely static and dynamic power. Static electricity studying the electrical properties of an object regardless of the movement or flow of electric charge.

1.      Static electricity

(elektrostatic) is a collection of large amounts of electric charge, the static (no flow), but in case of discharging the charge time is very short.

A. How Generates Electricity Charged Objects

Electrically charged object is an object that have excess or shortage of electrons. Some simple ways to create static electricity are:
1. Plastic ruler rubbed on dry hair will negatively electrically charged.
2. Glass that has been rubbed with fur would be positively charged.

B. Types of Electrostatic Discharge

In the atom consists of a nucleus and electrons. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons (neutral). Atom is called neutral if the number of protons in the nucleus equals the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus. Positive atom is an atom that has more positive charge than negative charge.

C. Coulomb Law

Charles Augustin de Coulomb was the first to examine the relationship with the two charge electric force and the distance between them by using a torsion balance. In that study ultimately concludes Coulumb in a law called the law of Coulumb:  “large repulsion ataugaya attraction between two electrically charged objects, is directly proportional to the respective electric charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two charged objects.”

Mathematically, Coulomb's law can be formulated:

 F = k q1 q2
           r²

Description:
F = force of attraction or repulsion (Newton)
k = constant = 9 × 109 N m2 C-2
q1, q2 = charge of each object (Coulomb)
 r = distance between the two objects (meters)

D.   Static Electricity Utilization

Utilization of static electricity in everyday life include:
1. The antidote Lightning
2. Van de Graaff Generator
3. Tools smoke clotting
4. Painting a car
5. Photocopiers

2.      Dynamic Power

Dynamic power is the power that can move. how to measure the current strength in dynamic power is the electrical charge dibagai time with the unit and the electric charge is coulumb time unit is second. Strong currents in the circuit branches with Kuata incoming flow with strong currents coming out. while a series circuit current strength remains the same every obstacle edges. Rather different voltage resistance. a series circuit voltage depends on the resistance, but the branching circuit voltage has no effect on resistance. all that has been stated by Kirchhoff's law which states that "the number of strong electric currents that go together with the amount of electrical current coming out strong." Ohms law can be summed up how to measure voltage current × resistance is strong. Barriers value is always the same as the voltage is proportional to the current strength. voltage has units of volts (V) and the current strength is amperes (A) and resistance is ohm.

experiment :

1). Tools and Materials:

2 pieces of plastic ruler (try relatively new)
2 pieces of glass rods
1 piece of woolen cloth
1 piece of silk fabric
1 piece stative
 thread

2). procedure:

a. Hang a plastic ruler with a piece stative
thread, then rub one end of the ruler
aloud with woolen cloth.
b. A moment later, another ruler rub on one
ends violently with wool cloth, hold the end of the
The first ruler who had been scrubbed. Observe and record the results
on the data table.
c. In the same way, do to stem glass
rubbed with a silk cloth.
d. Now, rub back one end of a plastic ruler
has been suspended from the stative with woolen cloth, then
Rub one end of the glass rod with a silk cloth and
bring on the end of the ruler charged. observe and
record the results on the data table.

if we rub a glass rod or a ruler and a piece of plastic with cloth or amber will show the effects of static electricity. cause an object
electrically charged due to the rubbing and the object is said to have a charge
electricity. The electrical charge on the object affected by the constituent atoms
forming ions. Ionization process due to several things such as
induction, the influence of external energy either through friction, heating, etc.

dangers of smoking for pregnant women

        For pregnant women should never try smoking. Nicotine is inhaled and enter the bloodstream can interfere with fertility womb. And nicotine mixed blood will go to the fetus. This is very dangerous for the fetus at all, that can be generated is due to premature birth.

Dangers of smoking for pregnant women and fetuses, among others :

• More likely to experience premature birth, pregnancy complications and stillbirths
• Placing the baby in a higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome
• The baby is more likely to have decreased lung function
• Pregnant women who smoke risk the risk of miscarriage by 25 percent than non-smokers. Other than that
   this woman had 1.5 to 2.5 times the risk of having an ectopic pregnancy, so to raise the fetus is to be 
   operated
• Water early rupture of membranes before the pregnancy, it would threaten the pregnancy, the fetus even 
   pregnant
• Inhibits the growth of the fetus
• Reduced milk production
• Having a baby with a birth weight lower than average than women who do not smoke. The main cause is
   that blood flow to the fetus blocked so that the intake of nutrients from the mother to the fetus is reduced


                     

TRANSFER'S HEAT

HEAT TRANSFER'S

calorimeter to measure the heat

    

      You definitely have to make hot tea or coffee or even like. when you're holding a glass of hot tea or warm milk is what you feel is hot. why is that???
it can happen because of the heat that is in a glass of warm water such that its temperature higher temperatures move into his hands lower. so that heat is the transfer of energy from a high temperature to a lower temperature object. while the unit itself is the Joule heat.

water heated on the stove

           have you boil water in a pot and heating it on the stove???
Why do you heat the water may boil??
it is because the heat is on the burner switch to the pan and then move on to the water so that the water can boil. naaaaah its now the question is how heat can move??? Heat can be transferred in three ways: conduction, convection and radiation.

HEAT TRANSFER'S


1. In Conduction Heat Transfer of
             heat transfer by conduction is the transfer of heat to a substance without being followed by the displacement of molecules - molecules her. this is why the pot shaft is made ​​of an insulating material such as plastic or wood. because the material is an insulator does not easily conduct heat to heat food or water.


2. In Convection Heat Transfer of
            heat transfer by convection is kebalin of heat transfer is conduction heat transfer to an object or substance followed by molecule - the molecule. examples such as onshore wind and sea're trying.

examples of heat transfer by radiation

3. In Heat Transfer of Radiation
           The radiation heat transfer is heat transfer that does not require intermediaries. for example as the heat of the sun to the earth. heat until hot sun can not deliver conduction or convection. because the air is the conductor of the worst and also between the sun and the earth there is a vacuum that can not conduct heat.

example from transfer's haet

and many more examples - another example of heat transfer. may be useful yaaaa ^ _ ^
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